Project #2: Establishing Requirements
Gathering Requirements- Task Analysis
The apps that were used for testing were Grab and Lalamove as both of the apps have similar functionality as the app that we are currently developing (Eco Reward App). There were 3 tasks given to all types of user targets. The 3 task are as follows:
- Order a Grab Car to Desired Location
- Finding Nearest Location using Lalamove
- Advance Booking Order using Grab
Derivation of Hierarchical Task Analysis [HTA]
(a) HTA for Task 1 - Order a Grab Car to the Desired Location
(i) Citizens
0 Order a Grab Car to the Desired Location
1 Launch Grab app
2 Tap on “Car”
3 Set Drop-off Location
3.1 Type in destination address
3.2 Select from suggestions or history
4 Set Pickup Location
4.1 Use current GPS location or manually enter
4.2 Confirm pin on map
4.3 Tap “Choose this pickup”
5 Select GrabCar type (JustGrab, GrabCar Plus, etc.)
6 Tap “Book”
Plan 0: do 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Plan 3: do 3.1 or 3.2
Plan 4: do 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
(ii) Restaurant staff
0 Order a Grab Car to Desired Location
1 Launch Grab app
2 Tap on “Car”
3 Set Drop-off Location
3.1 Type in destination address
3.2 Select from suggestions or history
4 Set Pickup Location
4.1 Use current GPS location or manually enter
4.2 Tap “Choose this pickup”
5 Select GrabCar type (JustGrab, GrabCar Plus, etc.)
6 Tap “Book”
Plan 0: do 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Plan 3: do 3.1 or 3.2
Plan 4: do 4.1, 4.2
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(iii) Convenience store staff
0 Order a Grab Car to Desired Location
1 Launch Grab app
2 Tap on “Car”
3 Set Drop-off Location
3.1 Type in destination address
3.2 Select from suggestions or history
4 Set Pickup Location
4.1 Use current GPS location or manually enter
4.2 Tap “Choose this pickup”
5 Select GrabCar type (JustGrab, GrabCar Plus, etc.)
6 Tap “Book”
Plan 0: do 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Plan 3: do 3.1 or 3.2
Plan 4: do 4.1, 4.2
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Findings from the HTAs for Task 1
(b) HTA for Task 2 - Finding Nearest Location using Lalamove
(i) Citizens
0 Finding Nearest Location using Lalamove
1 Open Lalamove app
2 In the Drop-off location
2.1 Tap on the address bar
2.2 Use search bar to input store name or category (e.g., “Mr.DIY”)
2.3 View map suggestions
2.4 Choose the nearest option
3 Confirm drop-off location
4 Continue with order or save for later
Plan 0: do 1; do 2; do 3; do 4.
Plan 2: if needed do 2.1; do 2.2; do 2.3; do 2.4
(ii) Restaurant staff
0 Finding Nearest Location using Lalamove
1 Open Lalamove app
2 In the Drop-off location
2.1 Tap on the address bar
2.2 Use search bar to key in store name or category (e.g., “Mr.DIY”)
2.3 View map suggestions or auto-complete
2.4 Choose the nearest option
3 Confirm drop-off location
4 Continue with order or save for later
Plan 0: do 1; do 2; do 3; do 4.
Plan 2: if needed do 2.1; do 2.2; do 2.3; do 2.4
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(iii) Convenience store staff
0 Finding Nearest Location using Lalamove
1 Open Lalamove app
2 In the Pickup location
2.1 Tap on the address bar
2.2 Use search bar to key in pickup location
3 In the Drop-off location
3.1 Use search bar to input store name or category (e.g., “Mr.DIY”)
3.2 View map suggestions or
3.3 Choose the nearest option
4 Confirm drop-off location
Plan 0: do 1, 2, 3, 4.
Plan 2: if needed do 2.1; do 2.2
Plan 3: do 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
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Findings from the HTAs for Task 2
After going through the second task, which is Finding Nearest Location using Lalamove, we discovered that most users found it difficult to identify which suggested drop-off point was actually the closest. Some of them mentioned that there was no clear distance shown next to the suggested locations, which made it hard to compare or choose efficiently. Because of this, for our Eco Reward Bin application, we plan to improve the location selection feature by displaying the distance between the user and each suggested destination. This small but important addition would help users make quicker and more confident decisions while enhancing the overall usability of the system.
(c) HTA for Task 3 - Advance Booking Order using Grab
(i) Citizens
0 Advance Booking Order using Grab
1 Launch Grab app
2 Tap on “Car”
3 Set Drop-off Location
3.1 Type in destination address
3.2 Select from suggestions or history
4 Set Pickup Location
4.1 Use current GPS location or manually enter
4.2 Confirm pin on map
4.3 Tap “Choose this pickup”
5 Set advance booking
5.1 Tap Calendar icon on left bottom corner
5.2 Pick a date and time
5.3 Tap “Book in advance”
6 Select GrabCar type (JustGrab, GrabCar Plus, etc.)
7 Tap “Schedule”
Plan 0: do 1, 2, 3, 4.
Plan 3: do 3.1 or 3.2
Plan 4: do 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
Plan 5: do 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
(ii) Restaurant staff
0 Order a Grab Car to Desired Location
1 Launch Grab app
2 Tap on “Car”
3 Set Drop-off Location
3.1 Type in destination address
3.2 Select from suggestions or history
4 Set Pickup Location
4.1 Use current GPS location or manually enter
4.2 Tap “Choose this pickup”
5 Set advance booking
5.1 Tap Calendar icon on left bottom corner
5.2 Pick a date and time
5.3 Tap “Book in advance”
6 Select GrabCar type (JustGrab, GrabCar Plus, etc.)
7 Tap “Book”
Plan 0: do 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
Plan 3: do 3.1 or 3.2
Plan 4: do 4.1, 4.2
Plan 5: do 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
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(iii) Convenience store staff
0 Order a Grab Car to Desired Location
1 Launch Grab app
2 Tap on “Car”
3 Set Drop-off Location
3.1 Type in destination address
3.2 Select from suggestions or history
4 Set Pickup Location
4.1 Use current GPS location or manually enter
4.2 Tap “Choose this pickup”
5 Set advance booking
5.1 Tap Calendar icon on left bottom corner
5.2 Pick a date and time
5.3 Tap “Book in advance”
6 Select GrabCar type (JustGrab, GrabCar Plus, etc.)
7 Tap “Book”
Plan 0: do 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
Plan 3: do 3.1 or 3.2
Plan 4: do 4.1, 4.2
Plan 5: do 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
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Gathering Requirements - User Analysis
The 3 tasks of our proposed systems are as follows:
- Ordering a Bulk Waste Pickup using the Eco-Reward App
- Finding Nearest Eco-Reward Bin on Eco-Reward App
- Advance Booking Pickup for Bulk Waste using Eco-Reward
Persona of each Target User
Target User 1 - Citizen
Gerald Reddy is a 20 year old Data Engineering student of UTM Johor Bahru who is very active in volunteer and environmental work. He is always participating in clean up campaigns and enjoys finding digital tools that fit into sustainability programs. Highly tech-savvy and innovative in his thinking, he wants solutions that are responsive, visually attractive, and responsive to his mobile-first environment.
He is particularly drawn to those systems that offer real time feedback, immediate rewards, and are integrated conveniently into everyday platforms like Touch 'n Go and GrabPay. Rewards like loyalty points and virtual accolades motivate Gerald, and he believes that technology can have a significant influence on greener habits. A student notwithstanding, he strides into the future with an outlook and views digital interaction as a doorway to deeper environmental transformation.
Target User 2 - Restaurant Staff
Siti Nur Quratu Maisarah Qistinah Riyyadil Jannah is a 25 year old entrepreneur and manager of a local restaurant, Ar Raayan. Running a food business means that she generates high amounts of waste daily, for example, packaging and food containers. She is environmentally conscious and does her best to keep her business clean and green, but time constraints during peak volume hours prevent her from effectively managing her waste.
Although not technically inclined, Quratu is at ease with technology and prefers simple systems that do not require a lot of training for her staff. She prefers practical solutions that will allow her to save time, maintain hygiene levels, and harmonize her business activities with environmentally friendly practices. Her motivation stems from a desire to combine good business and good environmental responsibility.
Target User 3 - Convenience Store Staff
Syakir Ismail is a 28 year old professional worker who has to handle recyclable trash daily as part of routine work. He understands how important proper disposal of the waste is but finds it challenging and time consuming to accomplish at times, especially when multitasking during peak periods.
While not very tech oriented, Syakir is aware of mobile apps and prefers tools that are speedy, easy to use, and seamless. He prefers systems to keep him streamlined and organized without confusion. His motive is practical in character,he is looking for easy ways to track waste and contribute to sustainability without slowing down his workflow.
Scenarios
After finishing his weekly dorm cleanup, Gerald, a 20-year-old student at UTM Johor Bahru, collects a few bags filled with plastic bottles and old paper materials. Instead of waiting for a scheduled pickup, he opens the Eco-Reward app to find the nearest Eco-Reward Bin. Within seconds, the app shows a nearby location just outside the UTM library. He walks there, deposits the recyclables, and scans the bin’s QR code using the app. Almost instantly, he receives points and a digital badge for his contribution.
The process is quick, efficient, and satisfying. Gerald enjoys how the system gives immediate feedback, which keeps him motivated. He feels more encouraged to recycle regularly now that it is this convenient. Later, he shares the app with his classmates during a sustainability club meeting, showing them how tech can make small actions meaningful. For him, the Eco-Reward Bin is not just about waste, it is about building habits through smart technology.
After a busy weekend catering for a wedding event, Quratu is left with a large amount of waste, including disposable food trays and packaging. Instead of dealing with the mess herself or assigning her already-tired staff, she opens the Eco-Reward app and schedules a bulk waste pickup for the next morning. The process is simple and doesn’t require any technical steps, which she appreciates. The app even allows her to set the pickup time based on when her restaurant will be open.
When the waste is collected as scheduled, Quratu feels relieved. Her kitchen is cleared without extra stress, and she can start the new week fresh. The smooth experience helps her maintain cleanliness while staying focused on business. She now uses the app regularly after big catering events, knowing that it helps her manage waste responsibly while saving time and energy. It also makes her feel proud to be part of an eco-friendly business practice.
Syakir, a 28-year-old convenience store staff, deals with packaging waste and recyclables every day like empty boxes, plastic wrap, and bottles from daily restocks. During a busy afternoon shift, he notices the storage area starting to pile up with recyclables. With little time to spare, he opens the Eco-Reward app on his phone and quickly checks for the nearest Eco-Reward Bin. Luckily, there is one just a few minutes behind the store. On his short break, he carries the recyclables out, deposits them in the bin, and scans the QR code to log the drop-off.
The process is smooth and fast, taking less than ten minutes. Syakir returns to his shift without disrupting operations, and he even earns small reward points that he can collect over time. The simplicity of the app makes it easier for him to stay on top of store cleanliness and waste management. Since using it regularly, he feels more in control of the clutter and more confident in helping the store maintain good environmental practices.
